Here is the prepared text of the apology Prime Minister Stephen Harper delivered in the House of Commons on Wednesday. Paragraphs in parentheses were spoken in French. Here's the audio to listen to.
Mr. Speaker, I stand before you today to offer an apology to former students of Indian residential schools.
The treatment of children in Indian residential schools is a sad chapter in our history.
(For over a century the residential schools separated over 150,000 native children from their families and communities.)
In the 1870s, the federal government, partly in order to meet its obligation to educate aboriginal children, began to play a role in the development and administration of these schools.
Two primary objectives of the residential schools system were to remove and isolate children from the influence of their homes, families, traditions and cultures, and to assimilate them into the dominant culture.
These objectives were based on the assumption aboriginal cultures and spiritual beliefs were inferior and unequal. Indeed, some sought, as it was infamously said, "to kill the Indian in the child."
Today, we recognize that this policy of assimilation was wrong, has caused great harm and has no place in our country.
One hundred and thirty-two schools financed by the federal government were located in all provinces and territories with the exception of Newfoundland, New Brunswick and P.E.I.
Most schools were operated as "joint ventures" with Anglican, Catholic, Presbyterian or United Churches.
The government of Canada built an educational system in which very young children were often forcibly removed from their homes, often taken far from their communities.
Many were inadequately fed, clothed and housed.
All were deprived of the care and nurturing of their parents, grandparents and communities.
First Nations, Inuit and Metis languages and cultural practices were prohibited in these schools.
Tragically, some of these children died while attending residential schools and others never returned home.
The government now recognizes that the consequences of the Indian residential schools policy were profoundly negative and that this policy has had a lasting and damaging impact on aboriginal culture, heritage and language.
While some former students have spoken positively about their experiences at residential schools, these stories are far overshadowed by tragic accounts of the emotional, physical and sexual abuse and neglect of helpless children, and their separation from powerless families and communities.
The legacy of Indian residential schools has contributed to social problems that continue to exist in many communities today.
It has taken extraordinary courage for the thousands of survivors that have come forward to speak publicly about the abuse they suffered.
It is a testament to their resilience as individuals and to the strength of their cultures.
Regrettably, many former students are not with us today and died never having received a full apology from the government of Canada.
The government recognizes that the absence of an apology has been an impediment to healing and reconciliation.
Therefore, on behalf of the government of Canada and all Canadians, I stand before you, in this chamber so central to our life as a country, to apologize to aboriginal peoples for Canada's role in the Indian residential schools system.
To the approximately 80,000 living former students, and all family members and communities, the government of Canada now recognizes that it was wrong to forcibly remove children from their homes and we apologize for having done this.
We now recognize that it was wrong to separate children from rich and vibrant cultures and traditions, that it created a void in many lives and communities, and we apologize for having done this.
We now recognize that, in separating children from their families, we undermined the ability of many to adequately parent their own children and sowed the seeds for generations to follow, and we apologize for having done this.
We now recognize that, far too often, these institutions gave rise to abuse or neglect and were inadequately controlled, and we apologize for failing to protect you.
Not only did you suffer these abuses as children, but as you became parents, you were powerless to protect your own children from suffering the same experience, and for this we are sorry.
The burden of this experience has been on your shoulders for far too long.
The burden is properly ours as a government, and as a country.
There is no place in Canada for the attitudes that inspired the Indian residential schools system to ever again prevail.
You have been working on recovering from this experience for a long time and in a very real sense, we are now joining you on this journey.
The government of Canada sincerely apologizes and asks the forgiveness of the aboriginal peoples of this country for failing them so profoundly.
(Nous le regrettons.)
We are sorry.
In moving towards healing, reconciliation and resolution of the sad legacy of Indian residential schools, implementation of the indian residential schools settlement agreement began on September 19, 2007.
Years of work by survivors, communities, and aboriginal organizations culminated in an agreement that gives us a new beginning and an opportunity to move forward together in partnership.
A cornerstone of the settlement agreement is the Indian residential schools truth and reconciliation commission.
This commission presents a unique opportunity to educate all Canadians on the Indian residential schools system.
It will be a positive step in forging a new relationship between aboriginal peoples and other Canadians, a relationship based on the knowledge of our shared history, a respect for each other and a desire to move forward together with a renewed understanding that strong families, strong communities and vibrant cultures and traditions will contribute to a stronger Canada for all of us.
A comment on the National Post site that carried the complete text of the Harper appology.
I had the good fortune today to be able to attend this event on Parliament Hill. Here are some of my thoughts on what is already being billed as the most important piece of Canadian history in 30 years.
Although I had scored tickets to the House of Commons gallery, I almost got laughed at when I got to security. All spaces were reserved for survivors of the residential schools. I acknowledged this to be a good thing. Then I was told, if lucky, I might get a seat in a lounge in the West block where big screens and refreshments would be served. After getting lost in the West Block for half an hour, I ventured outside on the hill at centre block where hundreds of seats were available in the glaring sun. I looked at my watch and it was 1:15. So I ended up sitting in the sun for a couple of hours waiting for this thing to get underway.
While I was sitting with a bunch of empty chairs around me, I observed that many other seats were taken by aboriginal families. It struck me that the "mood" was convivial. People were hugging each other and many, many smiles.
Suddenly an older aboriginal couple appeared in front of me, and though many seats were available near the front and anywhere else, somehow, they decided to sit in front of me in my lonely corner. They had a huge umbrella to shelter themselves from the sun. I have to say that I felt an immediate liking to this couple. There was something about them that seemed extremely friendly and not hostile at all.
The man turned around to me and said that if the umbrella was a bother, to let him know. I told him there would be no worries.
Eventually, a CBC reporter approached them and asked them a few questions. In his answers the man revealed that they had come to Ottawa to attend their daughter's graduation and, coming to the hill today was kind of almost accidental since they had not planned to come to Ottawa specifically for that.
Then the man revealed that both, he and his wife, had been in the residential system. He said, he had not expected it but that he was emotional today. He put his arm around his wife and said that she had been in the residential system way longer than him and she had been in one of the worst ones.
Not long after the CBC reporter left, a lady came to the couple and gave them specially-marked invitations to go into the House of Commons gallery. I was bummed out to see them go but thought it would be good for them to go and treasure the memory years later about how all this happened when they had not even planned it.
10 minutes later, they were back, because there was not one seat available in the gallery. Too late!
Soon after they sat back down, the Prime Minister began his address. And you could have hear a pin drop outside parliament hill. It was a deep, deep, moment, that you can not fabricate. It was a genuine moment, full of goodness and truth.
After the Prime Minister had finished and the applause had subsided, the aboriginal man continued to clap slowly and purposefully.
I noticed that many have been trying to downplay what was to happen today; I'm not going to counter the nay-sayers. They are outside of something that happened today that was so real and so beautiful. The responses from aboriginal leaders to the government were elegant, deeply-felt, genuine and tear-inducing. I am proud to be a Canadian today.